Skip to main content
OlympiadHQ

Browse · MATH

Print

jmc

geometry senior

Problem

Let and denote the circles and respectively. Let be the smallest positive value of for which the line contains the center of a circle that is externally tangent to and internally tangent to Given that where and are relatively prime integers, find
Solution
Rewrite the given equations as and . Let have center and radius . Now, if two circles with radii and are externally tangent, then the distance between their centers is , and if they are internally tangent, it is . So we have Solving for in both equations and setting them equal, then simplifying, yields Squaring again and canceling yields So the locus of points that can be the center of the circle with the desired properties is an ellipse. Since the center lies on the line , we substitute for and expand: We want the value of that makes the line tangent to the ellipse, which will mean that for that choice of there is only one solution to the most recent equation. But a quadratic has one solution iff its discriminant is , so . Solving yields , so the answer is .
Final answer
169