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Print67th Romanian Mathematical Olympiad
Romania number theory
Problem
We will call a positive integer exquisite if it is a multiple of the number of its divisors (for instance, is exquisite because it has divisors and is a multiple of ).
a) Find the largest exquisite two digit number.
b) Prove that no exquisite number has its last digit .
a) Find the largest exquisite two digit number.
b) Prove that no exquisite number has its last digit .
Solution
a) We check the numbers decreasingly: , has divisors and ; , has divisors and ; , has divisors and ; , has divisors and . So is the largest exquisite two digit number.
b) Let be a positive integer with its last digit .
Then is odd and is not a perfect square, and a non-perfect square has an even number of divisors. Since an odd number cannot be a multiple of an even number, cannot be exquisite.
b) Let be a positive integer with its last digit .
Then is odd and is not a perfect square, and a non-perfect square has an even number of divisors. Since an odd number cannot be a multiple of an even number, cannot be exquisite.
Final answer
a) 96; b) No exquisite number ends with last digit 3
Techniques
τ (number of divisors)Factorization techniques