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67th Romanian Mathematical Olympiad

Romania number theory

Problem

We will call a positive integer exquisite if it is a multiple of the number of its divisors (for instance, is exquisite because it has divisors and is a multiple of ).

a) Find the largest exquisite two digit number.

b) Prove that no exquisite number has its last digit .
Solution
a) We check the numbers decreasingly: , has divisors and ; , has divisors and ; , has divisors and ; , has divisors and . So is the largest exquisite two digit number.

b) Let be a positive integer with its last digit .

Then is odd and is not a perfect square, and a non-perfect square has an even number of divisors. Since an odd number cannot be a multiple of an even number, cannot be exquisite.
Final answer
a) 96; b) No exquisite number ends with last digit 3

Techniques

τ (number of divisors)Factorization techniques