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jmc

number theory intermediate

Problem

Let be the remainder when is divided by .

Determine the smallest positive integer that has these two properties:

It is a multiple of .

Its remainder upon being divided by is smaller than .
Solution
Note that so .

We are seeking the smallest multiple of that is congruent to , , or modulo .

We have , so the remainders of the first four multiples of are . The next number in this sequence is , but reduces to modulo . That is: Therefore, the number we are looking for is .
Final answer
6710