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jmc

number theory senior

Problem

Given that , what is the smallest positive integer whose positive divisors have a product of ?
Solution
Let's multiply the divisors of a positive integer, say . The divisors of are and . The product of the divisors of 12 is . The factors may be regrouped in this way for any positive integer with an even number of divisors. We have found that if the number of divisors is even, then the product of the divisors of is . Solving , we find .

Recall that we can determine the number of factors of by adding to each of the exponents in the prime factorization of and multiplying the results. We work backwards to find the smallest positive integer with factors. Twelve may be written as a product of integers greater than 1 in four ways: , , , and . The prime factorizations which give rise to these products have sets of exponents , , , and . In each case, we minimize by assigning the exponents in decreasing order to the primes . Therefore, the smallest positive integer with 12 factors must be in the list , , , and . The smallest of these is .
Final answer
60