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Printjmc
number theory senior
Problem
A group of 25 friends were discussing a large positive integer. ``It can be divided by 1,'' said the first friend. ``It can be divided by 2,'' said the second friend. ``And by 3,'' said the third friend. ``And by 4,'' added the fourth friend. This continued until everyone had made such a comment. If exactly two friends were incorrect, and those two friends said consecutive numbers, what was the least possible integer they were discussing?
Solution
Let denote the large positive integer that everyone is discussing.
The two incorrect numbers are consecutive numbers. To get the smallest possible value of , we must maximize the incorrect numbers. As such, we should start with the highest possible incorrect numbers and work down.
Suppose the two incorrect numbers are 24 and 25. Then must still be divisible by This means is divisible by 3 and 8, so is divisible by , contradiction. So the two incorrect numbers cannot be 24 and 25. We can eliminate the other high cases similarly.
One of the incorrect numbers cannot be 22, because would still be divisible by 2 and 11.
One of the incorrect numbers cannot be 20, because would still be divisible by 4 and 5.
One of the incorrect numbers cannot be 18, because would still be divisible by 2 and 9.
On the other hand, suppose the incorrect numbers were 16 and 17. Then would still be divisible by . The lcm of these remaining numbers is which is not divisible by 16 or 17. Thus, the incorrect numbers can be 16 and 17, and the smallest possible value of is .
The two incorrect numbers are consecutive numbers. To get the smallest possible value of , we must maximize the incorrect numbers. As such, we should start with the highest possible incorrect numbers and work down.
Suppose the two incorrect numbers are 24 and 25. Then must still be divisible by This means is divisible by 3 and 8, so is divisible by , contradiction. So the two incorrect numbers cannot be 24 and 25. We can eliminate the other high cases similarly.
One of the incorrect numbers cannot be 22, because would still be divisible by 2 and 11.
One of the incorrect numbers cannot be 20, because would still be divisible by 4 and 5.
One of the incorrect numbers cannot be 18, because would still be divisible by 2 and 9.
On the other hand, suppose the incorrect numbers were 16 and 17. Then would still be divisible by . The lcm of these remaining numbers is which is not divisible by 16 or 17. Thus, the incorrect numbers can be 16 and 17, and the smallest possible value of is .
Final answer
787386600