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smc

number theory senior

Problem

Let and be the unique relatively prime positive integers such that Let denote the least common multiple of the numbers . For how many integers with is ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Solution
We are given that Since we need For all primes such that let be the largest power of that is a factor of It is clear that so we test whether Note that We construct the following table for \begin{array}{c|c|l|c} \textbf{Case of }\boldsymbol{(p,e)} & \textbf{Interval of }\boldsymbol{n} & \hspace{22.75mm}\textbf{Sum} & \boldsymbol{\stackrel{?}{\equiv}0\ (\operatorname{mod} \ p)} \\ [0.5ex] \hline\hline & & & \\ [-2ex] (2,1) & [2,3] & L_n/2 & \\ (2,2) & [4,7] & L_n/4 & \\ (2,3) & [8,15] & L_n/8 & \\ (2,4) & [16,22] & L_n/16 & \\ [0.5ex] \hline & & & \\ [-2ex] (3,1) & [3,5] & L_n/3 & \\ & [6,8] & L_n/3 + L_n/6 & \checkmark \\ (3,2) & [9,17] & L_n/9 & \\ & [18,22] & L_n/9 + L_n/18 & \checkmark \\ [0.5ex] \hline & & & \\ [-2ex] (5,1) & [5,9] & L_n/5 & \\ & [10,14] & L_n/5 + L_n/10 & \\ & [15,19] & L_n/5 + L_n/10 + L_n/15 & \\ & [20,22] & L_n/5 + L_n/10 + L_n/15 + L_n/20 & \checkmark \\ [0.5ex] \hline & & & \\ [-2ex] (7,1) & [7,13] & L_n/7 & \\ & [14,20] & L_n/7 + L_n/14 & \\ & [21,22] & L_n/7 + L_n/14 + L_n/21 & \\ [0.5ex] \hline & & & \\ [-2ex] (11,1) & [11,21] & L_n/11 & \\ & \{22\} & L_n/11 + L_n/22 & \\ [0.5ex] \hline & & & \\ [-2ex] (13,1) & [13,22] & L_n/13 & \\ [0.5ex] \hline & & & \\ [-2ex] (17,1) & [17,22] & L_n/17 & \\ [0.5ex] \hline & & & \\ [-2ex] (19,1) & [19,22] & L_n/19 & \\ [0.5ex] \end{array} Note that: 1. If the Sum column has only one term, then it is never congruent to modulo 2. If and are positive integers such that then is a multiple of Therefore, for a specific case, if the sum is congruent to modulo for the smallest element in the interval of then it is also congruent to modulo for all other elements in the interval of Together, there are such integers namely
Final answer
D