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XXII OBM

Brazil number theory

Problem

Let be the sum of all positive divisors of , where is a positive integer (for instance, and ). We say that is almost perfect if (for instance, 4 is almost perfect since ). Let be the remainder of the division of by and (for instance, and ). Prove that is almost perfect if and only if .
Solution

Techniques

σ (sum of divisors)Modular Arithmetic