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jmc

algebra senior

Problem

What is the shortest distance between the circles defined by and ?
Solution
We complete the square for the first equation by adding and to both sides, which gives which is also equivalent to Similarly, the equation for the second circle is Hence, the centers of the circles are and respectively. Furthermore, the radii of the circles are equal to . Now the distance between the points and by the distance formula or similarity of triangles is . Therefore, to find the shortest distance between the two circles, we must subtract from the distances from the centers to the circles. Thus, the shortest distance between the circles is .
Final answer
32