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jmc

counting and probability senior

Problem

Phil rolls 6 fair 6-sided dice. What is the probability that at least two dice show the same number?
Solution
The only way in which there won't be two dice of the same number is if for each number between 1 and 6 there is exactly one die displaying that number. If we line the dice up, there are a total of ways in which we could order 6 dice all displaying different numbers and a total of possible outcomes since each of the 6 dice can have 6 outcomes and all of the rolls are determined independently. That means that the probability of all of the dice showing different numbers is , so the probability that we want is .
Final answer
\dfrac{319}{324}