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Ireland

Ireland algebra

Problem

Suppose , , , are positive numbers such that Prove that and that the inequality is strict unless .
Solution
By the AM-GM inequality, with equality in both inequalities iff . Hence, letting , we have that with equality iff . But , and is positive. Hence, iff , with equality iff . Thus , and the inequality is strict unless .
Final answer
abcd ≤ 1/81, with equality only when a = b = c = d = 1/3

Techniques

QM-AM-GM-HM / Power MeanSymmetric functions