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imc

geometry intermediate

Problem

Inside a right circular cone with base radius and height are three congruent spheres with radius . Each sphere is tangent to the other two spheres and also tangent to the base and side of the cone. What is ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Solution
We can take half of a cross section of the sphere, as such: Notice that we chose a cross section where one of the spheres was tangent to the lateral surface of the cone at . To evaluate , we will find and in terms of ; we also know that , so with this, we can solve . Firstly, to find , we can take a bird's eye view of the cone: Note that is the centroid of equilateral triangle . Also, since all of the medians of an equilateral triangle are also altitudes, we want to find two-thirds of the altitude from to ; this is because medians cut each other into a to ratio. This equilateral triangle has a side length of , therefore it has an altitude of length ; two thirds of this is , so To evaluate in terms of , we will extend past point to at point . is similar to . Also, is the angle bisector of . Therefore, by the angle bisector theorem, . Also, , so , so . This means that We have that and that , so . We also were given that . Therefore, we have This is a simple linear equation in terms of . We can solve for to get
Final answer
B