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Ireland algebra
Problem
Prove that if is a positive integer either or contains an odd digit.
Solution
Suppose a number exists with the property that and have only even digits and let be the smallest such. If is divisible by , is a smaller such number. Hence ends in one of . But and has the tens digit odd as a result of the carry from the unit digits. But this implies ends in an odd digit which is impossible.
Techniques
IntegersOtherColoring schemes, extremal arguments