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Iranian Mathematical Olympiad

Iran geometry

Problem

In triangle , with , is the incenter, is the intersection of -excircle, and . Point lies on the external angle bisector of such that and lies on the same side of the line and . Point lies on such that . Circle is tangent to and at , circle is tangent to and at and both circles are passing through the inside of triangle . If is the midpoint of the arc , which does not contain , prove that lies on the radical axis of and .

problem
Solution
Let in triangle , points , , and be the -excenter, foot of the altitude from , and foot of the angle bisector from , respectively. Since and , we have . Further, is cyclic, So , hence and . We know , therefore and we have Now let be the circle centered at , has the radius , and and be the intersections of line with and , respectively. Point lies on the angle bisector of , since lies on the angle bisector of and . Therefore , , and are collinear, where is the center of . Now we have Therefore lies on . Similarly we can show that lies on , where is the center of . Notice that is the -excenter of triangle so hence . Finally we are done.

Techniques

Radical axis theoremTangentsCyclic quadrilateralsTriangle centers: centroid, incenter, circumcenter, orthocenter, Euler line, nine-point circlePolar triangles, harmonic conjugatesAngle chasing