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jmc

number theory senior

Problem

The sum of the positive divisors of a positive integer of the form is equal to . What is ?
Solution
The sum of the divisors of is equal to since each factor of is represented exactly once in the sum that results when the product is expanded. Let and , so that . The prime factorization of is .

Notice that is the sum of and an even number and is the sum of and a number divisible by . Thus, is odd and is not divisible by . It follows that is divisible by and is divisible by . We now have three separate cases: .

In the first case, ; for , we have that , and for , we have that . Thus, this case is not possible.

For the third case, ; for , then , and for , we have that . Thus, this case is also not possible.

It follows that , in which case we find that works. Thus, the answer is .
Final answer
6