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jmc

geometry senior

Problem

Consider the paper triangle whose vertices are and The vertices of its midpoint triangle are the midpoints of its sides. A triangular pyramid is formed by folding the triangle along the sides of its midpoint triangle. What is the volume of this pyramid?
Solution
As shown in the image above, let , , and be the midpoints of , , and , respectively. Suppose is the apex of the tetrahedron, and let be the foot of the altitude from to . The crux of this problem is the following lemma. Lemma: The point is the orthocenter of . Proof. Observe thatthe first equality follows by the Pythagorean Theorem, while the second follows from and . Thus, by the Perpendicularity Lemma, is perpendicular to and hence . Analogously, lies on the -altitude and -altitude of , and so is, indeed, the orthocenter of . To find the coordinates of , we need to find the intersection point of altitudes and . The equation of is simply . is perpendicular to line , so the slope of is equal to the negative reciprocal of the slope of . has slope , therefore . These two lines intersect at , so that's the base of the height of the tetrahedron. Let be the foot of altitude in . From the Pythagorean Theorem, . However, since and are, by coincidence, the same point, and . The area of the base is , so the volume is .
Final answer
408