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Selection tests for the Balkan Mathematical Olympiad 2013

Saudi Arabia 2013 algebra

Problem

Define Fibonacci sequence as , and for every integer . Determine all quadruples of positive integers with such that each of is a term of the Fibonacci sequence.
Solution
Let be a quadruplet of positive integers with such that each of is a term of the Fibonacci sequence, and let for some positive integer . Because and , we have . Assume . We have , which is impossible since . Therefore, and Let . We have and therefore . If then and which is impossible. Therefore and But We deduce that Hence, , and we check easily that
Final answer
(1, 2, 3, 1)

Techniques

Recurrence relations