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15th Junior Turkish Mathematical Olympiad

Turkey number theory

Problem

Determine the number of positive integers for which is a perfect square.
Solution
Let where is a positive integer. Then . Hence and

where and are integers such that , and . Since , these formulas always give integer values for and . Let . Then for . The first divisor of after is for which fails. The next one and hence all the greater divisors satisfy . The answer is .
Final answer
39

Techniques

Factorization techniquesτ (number of divisors)Techniques: modulo, size analysis, order analysis, inequalitiesLinear and quadratic inequalities