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Iranian Mathematical Olympiad

Iran geometry

Problem

Let be a simple polygon (non-self-intersecting) with perimeter that lies in a circle with radius and does not pass through the center of it. Prove that there is either a radius of this circle that intersects at least times, or there is a second circle which is concentric with this circle that has at least common points with .

problem
Solution
Fix a radius of circle , and for each segment from the perimeter of (don't include polygon vertices in this process), consider the projection of to () and the projection of to the perimeter of ().



Call the radius projection of and the perimeter projection of . It's obvious that Now let be the sum of all radius projections of all edges of and be the sum of all perimeter projections of all edges of . From the above, , hence or :

If , there is a point on that is covered by radius projections. Call this point , then the circle with center and radius will intersect at least times. (Because if a circle intersects a polygon and doesn't pass through its vertices, it will have an even number of intersections.)

If , then there is a point on the perimeter that is covered by at least perimeter projections. Call this point , then radius intersects at least times.

We are done.

Techniques

CirclesDistance chasingPigeonhole principle