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smc

geometry senior

Problem

As shown in the figure, line segment is trisected by points and so that Three semicircles of radius and have their diameters on and are tangent to line at and respectively. A circle of radius has its center on The area of the region inside the circle but outside the three semicircles, shaded in the figure, can be expressed in the form where and are positive integers and and are relatively prime. What is ?
problem
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Solution
Divide the circle into four parts: the top semicircle by connecting E, F, and G(); the bottom sector (), whose arc angle is because the large circle's radius is and the short length (the radius of the smaller semicircles) is , giving a triangle; the triangle formed by the radii of and the chord (); and the four parts which are the corners of a circle inscribed in a square (). Then the area is (in , we find the area of the bottom shaded region, and in we find the area of the shaded region above the semicircles but below the diameter). The area of is . The area of is . For the area of , the radius of , and the distance of (the smaller semicircles' radius) to , creates two triangles, so 's area is . The area of is . Hence, finding , the desired area is , so the answer is .
Final answer
E