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China Girls' Mathematical Olympiad

China geometry

Problem

A right triangle , with , is inscribed in the circle . The point lies in the interior of the arc (not containing ), with . The point lies on the ray with . The segment meets again at (other than ). Let denote the circumcenter of the triangle . Prove that the points , , are collinear. (Posed by Bian Hongping)

problem
Solution
Let and be the feet of the perpendiculars from to the lines and , respectively. Because is the circumcenter of the triangle , the triangles and are both isosceles with . It follows that Because , the quadrilateral is concyclic, from which it follows that or . Because is concyclic, we have . Combining the above equations together, one has Because is a diameter of , it follows that from which it follows that is concyclic. Let denote the circumcircle of . Because lies on the perpendicular bisector of the segment , is the midpoint of the arc (on ), implying that bisects and , , are collinear.

Techniques

Triangle centers: centroid, incenter, circumcenter, orthocenter, Euler line, nine-point circleCyclic quadrilateralsIsogonal/isotomic conjugates, barycentric coordinatesAngle chasing