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Iranian Mathematical Olympiad

Iran number theory

Problem

Let be an integer and . Prove that the total number of such that has no integer solution, is at least .
Solution
It is known that if divides , then is divisible by . Now, choose and . Then Thus, for belonging to , we must calculate maximal number of different values of . Then, there are such that . These numbers are at most . Therefore, there are at least different values for .

Techniques

Factorization techniquesEnumeration with symmetry