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jmc

number theory senior

Problem

If we let denote the sum of all the positive divisors of the integer , how many integers exist such that and ?
Solution
Note firstly that must be an integer, so this means that must be a perfect square in order for to be an integer. Out of the perfect squares, we claim that must be the square of some prime . For if is composite, then it can be written as the product of two integers and and we find . Moreover, if is prime, then the only factors of are 1, , and , so as desired. It follows that we only need to calculate the number of primes less than . Since , the desired set of primes is . The set has elements.
Final answer
14