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jmc

geometry senior

Problem

Arc is a quarter-circle with center . The shaded region is "rolled" along a straight board until it reaches its original orientation for the first time with point landing at point . If cm, what is the length of the path that point travels? Express your answer in simplest form.

problem
Solution
We can divide the rolling into four phases:

Phase 1: The quarter circle pivots about point . In this phase, point does not move.

Phase 2: The quarter circle pivots about point . In this phase, point is always cm away from point , so its path is a quarter-circle with radius . The circumference of a circle with radius is , so travels cm.

Phase 3: The quarter circle rolls along arc . In this phase, is always away from the ground, so its path is a straight line segment parallel to the ground. From the diagram, we see the length of this line segment is equal to the distance between the original position of and the new position of . This distance is traced out by arc as it rolls. So its length is the length of arc , which is 1 cm (since it's a quarter of a circle with radius , a length we've already calculated). So the path of has length 1 cm.

Phase 4: The quarter circle pivots about point . As in phase 2, the path of has length 1 cm.

Putting this together, the path of point has total length .
Final answer
3\text{ cm}