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Baltic Way 2023 geometry
Problem
Let be a triangle and let be the center of the excircle opposite to . The reflection of in is . and are on and , respectively, such that . Prove that .

Solution
Let intersect at . We'll prove a key claim:
Claim: is similar to .
Proof. Note that . Also, since bisects , we get . Hence . From that, we see that the spiral similarity that sends the line segment to has center . So the spiral similarity that sends the line segment to has center . Thus .
In a similar manner, we get is similar to .
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as desired.
Claim: is similar to .
Proof. Note that . Also, since bisects , we get . Hence . From that, we see that the spiral similarity that sends the line segment to has center . So the spiral similarity that sends the line segment to has center . Thus .
In a similar manner, we get is similar to .
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as desired.
Techniques
Spiral similarityAngle chasingTriangle centers: centroid, incenter, circumcenter, orthocenter, Euler line, nine-point circle