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67th NMO Selection Tests for JBMO

Romania number theory

Problem

Let be an integer greater than and consider the set . Given that does not divide any element of , prove that is a square-free number. Does it necessarily follow that is a prime number?

Marius Bocanu
Solution
Suppose not and write for a prime and a number with . Notice that and to infer that divides , a contradiction.

Further, needs not be a prime number; take for example .
Final answer
n is square-free; not necessarily prime (for example, n = 15).

Techniques

Prime numbersFactorization techniquesPolynomial operations