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Mathematica competitions in Croatia

Croatia algebra

Problem

Each of the numbers is , , or . What is the minimal possible value of the sum of products of all the pairs of those numbers, i.e. the sum of all for ? (USSR 1965)
Solution
First note that the double sum of all the products for equals Denote and . We want to minimize and maximize at the same time. Obviously, . The minimum is attained when among there is an equal number of 's and of 's, e.g. when , . Clearly, . The maximal value is attained if none of the is , e.g. , while . Since the minimum of and the maximum of can be attained for the same values of , we conclude that the minimal possible value of the sum of all products of pairs () is .
Final answer
-1007

Techniques

Sums and productsLinear and quadratic inequalitiesIntegers