Let n be a positive integer. Simplify the expression (14+41)(34+41)⋯[(2n−1)4+41](24+41)(44+41)⋯[(2n)4+41].
Solution — click to reveal
Let f(m)=m4+41=44m4+1.We can factor this with a little give and take: f(m)=44m4+1=44m4+4m2+1−4m2=4(2m2+1)2−(2m)2=4(2m2+2m+1)(2m2−2m+1).Now, let g(m)=2m2+2m+1. Then g(m−1)=2(m−1)2+2(m−1)+1=2m2−2m+1.Hence, f(m)=4g(m)g(m−1).Therefore, (14+41)(34+41)⋯[(2n−1)4+41](24+41)(44+41)⋯[(2n)4+41]=f(1)f(3)⋯f(2n−1)f(2)f(4)⋯f(2n)=4g(1)g(0)⋅4g(3)g(2)⋯4g(2n−1)g(2n−2)4g(2)g(1)⋅4g(4)g(3)⋯4g(2n)g(2n−1)=g(0)g(2n)=2(2n)2+2(2n)+1=8n2+4n+1.