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jmc

prealgebra senior

Problem

I have three distinct mystery novels, three distinct fantasy novels, and three distinct biographies. I'm going on vacation, and I want to take two books of different genres. How many possible pairs can I choose?
Solution
I can choose one book in ways. Then, for the second book, I have choices that aren't in the same genre as the first book. It would seem that I have choices for the two books; however, this overcounts pairs by a factor of , since each pair has been counted in two ways (once in either order). So, the actual number of pairs is , which is .

Alternative solution: Of the three genres of book, one must be excluded. We can choose the genre to be excluded in ways. Then, of the two remaining genres, we can choose a book of the first genre in ways, and we can choose a book of the second genre in ways. This gives us possible sets of choices (all of which produce different pairs of books, with no overcounting).
Final answer
27