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jmc

geometry senior

Problem

An ant travels from the point to the point as follows. It first crawls straight to with , moving at a constant speed of units per second. It is then instantly teleported to the point . Finally, it heads directly to at 2 units per second. What value of should the ant choose to minimize the time it takes to travel from to ?
Solution
The abrupt jump in the middle of the ant's trip makes the problem difficult to analyze geometrically. (A solution using calculus is possible, but the algebra becomes a little intense.) The speeds of and 2 units per second are also suggestive, as is the fact that the teleportation begins on the -axis and ends on the line , which makes an angle of with the -axis. Therefore we transform the entire latter portion of the ant's trip by rotating it clockwise by and scaling it down by . This has the effect of removing the teleportation all together, reduces the ant's speed to for the second part of the journey, and moves the destination point to .

In other words, an equivalent problem is to ask where the ant should cross the -axis if it wishes to crawl from to at a uniform rate of units per second in the least amount of time. Of course, it is now clear that the ant should crawl in a straight line. The equation of this line is , and it crosses the -axis when , so
Final answer
23.31