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China Girls' Mathematical Olympiad

China counting and probability

Problem

In a group of girls and boys, any two of them either know each other, or do not know each other. For any two boys and two girls, at least one boy and one girl do not know each other. Prove that the number of boy-girl pairs that know each other is at most .
Solution
From the hypothesis, for any two boys, there is at most one girl that knows both of them. Let be the number of girls that know exactly boys, . So . By counting the number of the above two boys-one girl combinations, we have The number of boy-girl pairs that know each other is then $$ \quad \square

Techniques

Turán's theoremCounting two waysColoring schemes, extremal arguments