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SAMC

Saudi Arabia number theory

Problem

Find all pairs of positive integers such that
Solution
From it follows and , hence and , for some positive integers and . Replace in the equation and get , hence , for some positive integer , i.e. . We have , and obtain , hence .

Case 1. If or , then , not possible since we have and or .

Case 2. If , then we get the system having integer solutions and . In this case it follows and .

Case 3. If , then we get the system having no solutions in integers.
Final answer
(54, 45)

Techniques

Techniques: modulo, size analysis, order analysis, inequalitiesQuadratic functions