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Austria geometry
Problem
Let be a semicircle with diameter . The two circles and , , touch the segment at the points and , respectively, and the semicircle from the inside at the points and , respectively. Prove that the four points , , and lie on a circle.
Solution
We first consider the case where and are both not the center of , so that the tangents in and are both not parallel to .
The tangent in intersects in , the tangent in intersects in and the two tangents intersect each other in . Let now be the intersection point of the angle bisector of and . Since the tangent segments and at are of equal length and , lie on the legs of the angle , and are equidistant from .
The same applies to and with the circle and and with the semicircle .
This means that the four points lie on a circle with center .
In the remaining special case that passes through the center of , we can still define as the intersection of the tangent in with , and as the intersection of the tangents in and . We define as the intersection of the angle bisectors of and . Therefore, has the same distance to and , and the same distance to and . This means that also has the same distance to the parallel lines and . Thus lies on the perpendicular bisector of and, thus, .
The tangent in intersects in , the tangent in intersects in and the two tangents intersect each other in . Let now be the intersection point of the angle bisector of and . Since the tangent segments and at are of equal length and , lie on the legs of the angle , and are equidistant from .
The same applies to and with the circle and and with the semicircle .
This means that the four points lie on a circle with center .
In the remaining special case that passes through the center of , we can still define as the intersection of the tangent in with , and as the intersection of the tangents in and . We define as the intersection of the angle bisectors of and . Therefore, has the same distance to and , and the same distance to and . This means that also has the same distance to the parallel lines and . Thus lies on the perpendicular bisector of and, thus, .
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