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Ireland geometry
Problem
and are two parallel line segments. and intersect at . Prove that the circumcircles of the triangles and touch at .


Solution
Whether or not lies between the parallel lines gives two cases to distinguish. Let and be points on the tangent to the circumcircle of at such that and are on the same side of the line and and are on the same side of .
First Solution: We have (chord tangent angle). Because , we also have , hence . If lies between the parallel lines, and so . In both cases it follows that is tangent to the circumcircle of .
Second Solution: If is between the parallel lines, reflect and at to get on and on . If is not between the parallel lines we simply let and .
Because the triangle is obtained from by a homothety with centre . Hence, the circumcentres of the triangles and are on a line through , on which we also find the circumcentre of . As the tangent at to these circles is perpendicular to the line through and the centres, it follows now that the circumcircles of and touch at .
First Solution: We have (chord tangent angle). Because , we also have , hence . If lies between the parallel lines, and so . In both cases it follows that is tangent to the circumcircle of .
Second Solution: If is between the parallel lines, reflect and at to get on and on . If is not between the parallel lines we simply let and .
Because the triangle is obtained from by a homothety with centre . Hence, the circumcentres of the triangles and are on a line through , on which we also find the circumcentre of . As the tangent at to these circles is perpendicular to the line through and the centres, it follows now that the circumcircles of and touch at .
Techniques
TangentsHomothetyAngle chasing