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smc

number theory senior

Problem

For each positive integer , let denote the sum of the digits of For how many values of is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Solution
It is well-known that Substituting, we have that Since we must have that Now, we list out the possible values for in a table, noting that it is a multiple of because is a multiple of Then, we compute the corresponding values of Finally, we may compute the corresponding values of using the fact that Notice how all conditions are designed to be satisfied except whether is accurate with respect to So, the only thing that remains is to check this. We may eliminate, for example, when we have while the table states that it is Proceeding similarly, we obtain the following table. It follows that there are possible values for
Final answer
D