The coefficient of x50 in (1+x)1000+2x(1+x)999+3x2(1+x)998+⋯+1001x1000can be expressed in the form (kn). Find the smallest possible value of n+k.
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Let S=(1+x)1000+2x(1+x)999+⋯+1000x999(1+x)+1001x1000Then xS(1+x)S=x(1+x)1000+2x2(1+x)999+⋯+1000x1000(1+x)+1001x1001,=(1+x)1001+2x(1+x)1000+⋯+1000x999(1+x)2+1001x1000(1+x).Subtracting these equations, we get S=(1+x)1001+x(1+x)1000+⋯+x999(1+x)2+x1000(1+x)−1001x1001.Then xS(1+x)S=x(1+x)1001+x2(1+x)1000+⋯+x1000(1+x)2+x1001(1+x)−1001x1002,=(1+x)1002+x(1+x)1001+⋯+x999(1+x)3+x1000(1+x)2−1001x1001(1+x).Subtracting these equations, we get S=(1+x)1002−1002x1001(1+x)+1001x1002.By the Binomial Theorem, the coefficient of x50 is then (501002). The final answer is 1002+50=1052.