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BMO Short List

algebra

Problem

If , , are positive real numbers such that , prove that When does equality hold?
Solution
The inequality is equivalent to From AM-GM inequality we have Again from AM-GM inequality we have Hence, Again, from AM-GM inequality we have Adding (1) and (2) we get, Now, using the assumption we have Hence, So, it is enough to prove Last inequality is true since using and condition we have, It is known that equality in is achieved only when and, since , . Clearly, for equality holds.
Final answer
Equality holds if and only if a = b = c = 1.

Techniques

QM-AM-GM-HM / Power Mean