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geometry

Problem

Determine all pairs of positive integers with the following property: If one draws horizontal lines and another lines which satisfy (i) they are not horizontal, (ii) no two of them are parallel, (iii) no three of the lines are concurrent, then the number of regions formed by these lines is .

Answer: , and .
Solution
Let be the number of regions formed by horizontal lines and other lines as described in the problem. Let be the union of the lines and pick any line . If it intersects the other lines in (distinct!) points then is partitioned into line segments and rays, which delimit regions. Therefore if we remove the number of regions decreases by exactly .

Then (no lines means there is only one region), and since every one of the lines intersects the other lines, for . Summing yields



Each horizontal line only intersects the non-horizontal lines, so , which implies

Our final task is solving



The divisors of are . Since , so the possibilities for can only be and , yielding the following possibilities for :
Final answer
(995, 1), (176, 10), (80, 21)

Techniques

Combinatorial GeometryIntegers