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jmc

algebra senior

Problem

A triangle is formed with edges along the line , the -axis, and the line . If the area of the triangle is less than , find the sum of all possible integral values of .
Solution
Since two of the lines that are the edges of the triangle are known, their intersection must be one of the vertices of the triangle. So we have (the -axis) and . Solving this equation, we find , or , so . Thus one of the vertices of the triangle is . The other vertices lie on the line , so they take the form and . The area of the triangle can be expressed as . The height is , since the base is along the -axis, and the base is . Thus the area is .

Up until this point we've mostly ignored the possibility of having a triangle below the -axis, with . This is possible, but our formula for the area will still work. If , then will be negative. But the line will be below the -axis so the value will be negative as well. Half their product, the area, will thus be positive as desired. So we have We must solve this quadratic inequality. The roots of the quadratic are Testing, we find that the value of the quadratic is negative between the roots, or whenever . The decimal approximations of the roots are and , respectively, so we have . Since we are interested in values of for which is an integer, we have . The problem asks for the sum of all integral values of , so we must sum the integers from to . We can compute this with the formula for the sum of an arithmetic series: .
Final answer
-120