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Printjmc
algebra senior
Problem
Six positive integers are written on the faces of a cube. Each vertex is labeled with the product of the three numbers on the faces adjacent to the vertex. If the sum of the numbers on the vertices is equal to , then what is the sum of the numbers written on the faces?
Solution
Let the values on one pair of opposite faces be and ; the second pair of faces, and , and the third pair of faces, and . There are eight vertices on the cube, so we find that the sum 1001 is equal to For any two faces adjacent at a vertex with , the same two faces are adjacent to a vertex with . Furthermore, any three adjacent faces must contain one of or . Therefore, every term contains or , and the expression is symmetric in and . Considering the expression as a polynomial in (with the remaining variables fixed), we observe that . Therefore, divides the given expression. Similarly, and divide the given expression as well. Therefore, Here, since both sides are of degree three in their variables, must be a constant, which is easily seen to be .
It follows that . Since each of the variables is positive, we have and . Thus .
It follows that . Since each of the variables is positive, we have and . Thus .
Final answer
31