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number theory intermediate
Problem
Name the greatest whole number less than that has an odd number of positive factors.
Solution
We claim that a number has an odd number of positive factors if and only if it is a perfect square. Indeed, for all non-square numbers , we can pair each factor with another factor , so there must be an even number of factors. For perfect squares, this argument fails only for , so there are an odd number of factors for perfect squares. Thus we seek the greatest perfect square below , which is .
Final answer
81