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number theory intermediate
Problem
The product of two positive integers is . The ratio of their least common multiple to their greatest common divisor is equal to . What is the sum of the two integers?
Solution
Let the integers be and . Then and The identity yields that Multiplying the two equations above yields that , so . Then .
Since is a divisor of both and , must have at least two factors of 2, and must have at least two factors of 2. Therefore, their product has at least four factors of 2. But , which has exactly four factors of 2, so both and have exactly two factors of 2.
Since , the only primes that can divide and are 2 and 3. Let and let . Then . But , so , which means that either or .
Hence, one of the numbers and must be 4, and the other number must be . Therefore, the sum of the numbers is .
Since is a divisor of both and , must have at least two factors of 2, and must have at least two factors of 2. Therefore, their product has at least four factors of 2. But , which has exactly four factors of 2, so both and have exactly two factors of 2.
Since , the only primes that can divide and are 2 and 3. Let and let . Then . But , so , which means that either or .
Hence, one of the numbers and must be 4, and the other number must be . Therefore, the sum of the numbers is .
Final answer
40