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Vietnam geometry
Problem
Let be a triangle and be a point that differs from , and . Let be the reflection of through , and be the reflection of through . We define , , and similarly. Let be the line passing through and perpendicular to . Define , similarly.
a) Assume that is the orthocenter of triangle , show that the respective reflections of the lines , and through each bisector of angles , and are coincident.
b) Assume that is the nine-point center of triangle , show that the respective reflections of the lines , and through the lines , and concur.


a) Assume that is the orthocenter of triangle , show that the respective reflections of the lines , and through each bisector of angles , and are coincident.
b) Assume that is the nine-point center of triangle , show that the respective reflections of the lines , and through the lines , and concur.
Solution
First, we present two following lemmas. Let be a triangle inscribed in and be the nine-point center of .
Lemma 1. Let be the center of , then , are isogonal with respect to .
Proof. Let be the reflection of through . Let be the orthocenter of . We have , and is parallel to . Hence, cuts at the midpoint of , which is , and thus is the midpoint of . We have , so , implying that , or Hence, we have , implying that . Therefore, . Since , are isogonal with respect to , we have , implying that , are isogonal with respect to .
Lemma 2. Let , be the reflections of , through , , respectively, then is perpendicular to . Proof. Let , be the reflection of through , . Similar to the argument above, we have is the midpoint of and . Let , be the reflection of through , . Since is the reflection of through , and is the midpoint of , then is the midpoint of . Similarly, is the midpoint of . Hence, is parallel to . We have and similarly, . On the other hand, we have , and since , we get is perpendicular to . So , as desired.
Back to the main problem, let , , be the circumcenters of , , and , , be the circumcenters of , , . By Lemma 2, we have
a) If is the orthocenter , let , and be the reflections of , and through the bisectors of angles , and . Let be the nine-point center of . Note that is also the nine-point circle of . By Lemma 1, we have , are isogonal with respect to , so goes through . Similarly, , also go through , and thus .
b) Assume that is the nine-point center of . Let , and be the reflections of through , and . Let , and be the nine-point circles of , and . We will show that the reflections of , and through , and concur on . Denote the nine-point circle of . Let be the Poncelet point of the four points , , and ; , be the midpoints of , . We have , are the intersections of and , and , are the intersections of and . Hence, , , and we have Let , be the intersections of , with , , respectively. Let be the center of . Denote the intersection of the reflection line of , through , as . We have , , and is the isogonal conjugate of in . We have then And similarly, . It suffices to show that , and to show that, we need to show . Since , are isogonal with respect to , we have and similarly, . Thus, So we need to show that but this is true since, and . The proof is completed.
Lemma 1. Let be the center of , then , are isogonal with respect to .
Proof. Let be the reflection of through . Let be the orthocenter of . We have , and is parallel to . Hence, cuts at the midpoint of , which is , and thus is the midpoint of . We have , so , implying that , or Hence, we have , implying that . Therefore, . Since , are isogonal with respect to , we have , implying that , are isogonal with respect to .
Lemma 2. Let , be the reflections of , through , , respectively, then is perpendicular to . Proof. Let , be the reflection of through , . Similar to the argument above, we have is the midpoint of and . Let , be the reflection of through , . Since is the reflection of through , and is the midpoint of , then is the midpoint of . Similarly, is the midpoint of . Hence, is parallel to . We have and similarly, . On the other hand, we have , and since , we get is perpendicular to . So , as desired.
Back to the main problem, let , , be the circumcenters of , , and , , be the circumcenters of , , . By Lemma 2, we have
a) If is the orthocenter , let , and be the reflections of , and through the bisectors of angles , and . Let be the nine-point center of . Note that is also the nine-point circle of . By Lemma 1, we have , are isogonal with respect to , so goes through . Similarly, , also go through , and thus .
b) Assume that is the nine-point center of . Let , and be the reflections of through , and . Let , and be the nine-point circles of , and . We will show that the reflections of , and through , and concur on . Denote the nine-point circle of . Let be the Poncelet point of the four points , , and ; , be the midpoints of , . We have , are the intersections of and , and , are the intersections of and . Hence, , , and we have Let , be the intersections of , with , , respectively. Let be the center of . Denote the intersection of the reflection line of , through , as . We have , , and is the isogonal conjugate of in . We have then And similarly, . It suffices to show that , and to show that, we need to show . Since , are isogonal with respect to , we have and similarly, . Thus, So we need to show that but this is true since, and . The proof is completed.
Techniques
Triangle centers: centroid, incenter, circumcenter, orthocenter, Euler line, nine-point circleIsogonal/isotomic conjugates, barycentric coordinatesRadical axis theoremAngle chasing