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Baltic Way 2023 Shortlist

Baltic Way 2023 geometry

Problem

Let and be circles with no common points. Points and are chosen on the circles and , respectively, such that the tangent to the circle at and the tangent to the circle at intersect at and is an isosceles triangle with apex . The circles and meet the segment again at and , respectively. The line meets the circle again at and the line meets the circle again at . Prove that .
Solution
Since is an isosceles triangle, we have . By tangent and chord theorem, . Since , the quadrilateral is cyclic. Analogously, from , we get that is cyclic. Since and both lie on the circumcircle of , points and are concyclic. From inscribed angles subtending arcs with the same length, we get that . The power of with respect to gives us that . The power of with respect to gives us that . Since , the powers of with respect to and are equal ( lies on the radical axis). Hence, , which implies that is cyclic. From inscribed angles subtending the arc , we get that . Hence, .

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Alternative solution.

Since is an isosceles triangle, we have . By tangent and chord theorem, . Since , the quadrilateral MPNC is cyclic, which means that lies on the circumcircle of . Since is isosceles, the perpendicular bisector of passes through . Since the intersection point of the angle bisector and the perpendicular bisector of the opposite side of the triangle lies on the circumcircle, it follows that bisects angle . Hence, . Analogously, since , it follows that is cyclic and the circumcircle of , the perpendicular bisector of and the angle bisector of meet at . Hence, . Now we continue as in the previous solution.

Techniques

TangentsRadical axis theoremCyclic quadrilateralsAngle chasing