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South African Mathematics Olympiad

South Africa number theory

Problem

I buy a number of chocolates which cost R25 each and cool-drinks which cost R9 each. I buy more chocolates than cool-drinks. How many cool-drinks do I buy if I pay R839?
Solution
If I buy chocolate bars and cool-drinks, then with . If we put as a first guess, then , so we can write and . The equation becomes , which by easy trial and error (guess and check) has a solution and . Thus and , which is the required answer.
Final answer
21

Techniques

Techniques: modulo, size analysis, order analysis, inequalitiesSimple Equations