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jmc

geometry intermediate

Problem

In the diagram, four circles of radius 1 with centres , , , and are tangent to one another and to the sides of , as shown.
problem


What is the degree measure of the smallest angle in triangle ?
Solution
Join , , , , and . Since the circles with center , and are all tangent to , then and are each parallel to (as the centres , and are each 1 unit above ). This tells us that passes through . When the centers of tangent circles are joined, the line segments formed pass through the associated point of tangency, and so have lengths equal to the sum of the radii of those circles. Therefore, .



Since , we know is equilateral, so . Since and is a straight line, we have . Since , we know is isosceles, so Since and , we have , so is a -- triangle. Thus, the answer is .
Final answer
30^\circ