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National Olympiad Final Round

Estonia number theory

Problem

Find the least positive integer for which there exists a positive integer such that both and have exactly positive divisors.
Solution
If numbers and had exactly divisors, they would be primes. These numbers are of different parity, whence one of them is even. But if then . If numbers and had exactly divisors, each of them would be a square of a prime. Similarly to the previous case, we get . But then , and is not a perfect square. On the other hand, numbers and have exactly divisors.
Final answer
4

Techniques

τ (number of divisors)Prime numbers