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jmc

number theory senior

Problem

What is the sum of all positive integers for which ?
Solution
Note that is divisible by , but is not divisible by . Therefore, if , then must be divisible by 3 and we may write (where is a positive integer).

Thus we have , and since the contributes the factor of to , it follows that . This is true if and only if is a divisor of . Therefore, the possible values of are times the positive divisors of : The sum of these values is .
Final answer
126