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Austria 2014 algebra
Problem
Determine all quadruples of real numbers satisfying the following system of equations.
Solution
We first note that the first equation can be written in the form (and the others analogously)
Case I: , , , . In this case we have .
Case II: . In this case we obtain solutions , with any real values of .
* Case III: There exists a sum equal to and there exists a sum not equal to . Let us assume that and hold. By the second equation we have and therefore . By the third equation, we therefore have . There are now two subcases to consider.
Subcase A) with , and , which yields a contradiction.
We therefore have subcase B) with , . We therefore have , , and .
Starting with some other pair, analogous reasoning always yields: one sum equal to and the next (cyclically) not equal to implies that the one after this is again equal to , and the last again not equal to .
The only other case left is therefore given by , , , and this yields .
Case I: , , , . In this case we have .
Case II: . In this case we obtain solutions , with any real values of .
* Case III: There exists a sum equal to and there exists a sum not equal to . Let us assume that and hold. By the second equation we have and therefore . By the third equation, we therefore have . There are now two subcases to consider.
Subcase A) with , and , which yields a contradiction.
We therefore have subcase B) with , . We therefore have , , and .
Starting with some other pair, analogous reasoning always yields: one sum equal to and the next (cyclically) not equal to implies that the one after this is again equal to , and the last again not equal to .
The only other case left is therefore given by , , , and this yields .
Final answer
(3, 5, 7, 9); (t, -t, t, -t) for any real t; (-9, 5, -5, 9); (3, -3, 7, -7)
Techniques
Simple Equations