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67th Romanian Mathematical Olympiad

Romania algebra

Problem

If and are positive integers, then will denote the number obtained by writing, in order, the digits of after the digits of . For instance, if and , then . Prove that there are infinitely many perfect squares of the form in each of the following situations: a) and are perfect squares; b) and are perfect cubes; c) is a perfect cube and is a perfect square; d) is a perfect square and is a perfect cube.
Solution
a) and yields . Adding an even number of zeroes we get infinitely many solutions: for and we get .

b) If and , then .

c) If and , then .

d) If and , then .

Techniques

IntegersOther