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jmc

number theory senior

Problem

For all composite integers , what is the largest integer that always divides into the difference between and the cube of ?
Solution
Notice that factors as . We observe that among any three consecutive integers, at least one must be divisible by and one must be divisible by . Thus, we know that must always divide into . Indeed, this is the largest such integer; for , then , and for , then , whose greatest common divisor is .
Final answer
6